U.N. resolution clears way for peacekeeping mission in Darfur
By Colum Lynch
WASHINGTON POST
UNITED NATIONS - The U.N. Security Council unanimously adopted a legally binding resolution Tuesday that instructs the United Nations to replace an underfinanced African Union peacekeeping mission that is struggling to halt killing of civilians in Darfur, Sudan. The council threatened sanctions against anyone who impedes peace efforts there.
The U.S.-sponsored resolution, which was approved 15- 0, is aimed at speeding up the transition from an African force of some 7,000 troops to a much larger U.N. mission of as many as 20,000 international peacekeepers. To expedite that change, the council demanded that Khartoum produce visas for U.N. and African Union military planners within a week to travel to Darfur and prepare for the transition.
Senior Sudanese officials have not formally agreed to allow the U.N. to send a new peacekeeping mission in Darfur, citing concerns that U.N. forces may be ordered to arrest Sudanese officials suspected of committing war crimes.
But senior U.N. officials noted that the resolution was adopted under Chapter Seven of the U.N. Charter, which can be enforced through the threat of sanctions or military force.
"Now that the council has spoken unanimously, we fully expect that the U.N. assessment mission will be let in," said the U.N.'s top spokesman, Stephane Dujarric.
Tuesday's action came one day after the African Union foreign minister agreed to hand over authority for its Darfur peacekeeping mission to the United Nations as early as September. U.N. officials, however, said it could take as long as six to nine months to get a U.N. peacekeeping mission up and running.
The Bush administration, which has characterized the violence in Darfur as genocide, welcomed the council resolution as an important step in the international effort to stem the violence there.
John Bolton, the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, said the United States would "augment our efforts to assist in the transitional planning process, which we can do both through U.S. assets and through NATO where that's appropriate." But he said it is "premature yet to discuss" what larger role for the United States there "might or might not be."
The violence in Darfur began in early 2003, when two Darfurian rebel groups, the Sudan Liberation Army and the Justice and Equality Movement, raided police stations and military outposts. The Sudanese military reacted by arming, training and supporting Arab militia, known as the Janjaweed, who destroyed thousands of villages and drove more than 2 million civilians from their homes. An estimated 100,000 to 450,000 people have died as a result of violence, disease or starvation.
The Sudanese government and the main Darfur rebel group, the Sudan Liberation Army, signed a May 5 peace agreement. But two rebel factions have refused to endorse the pact. The African Union has threatened to impose sanctions on any rebel groups that fail to sign the accord by May 31.